![सऊदी अरब के नेबेस्ट सिटीजन 2 में सोफिया नाम का रोबोट सऊदी अरब के नेबेस्ट सिटीजन 2 में सोफिया नाम का रोबोट](/sites/engg.directory/files/2021-09/Saudi-Arabia%E2%80%99s-Newest-Citizen-is-a-Robot-named-Sophia.jpg)
Sophia, an intelligent humanoid robot, has been granted citizenship in Saudi Arabia. It’s the first country in the world to give a bot the same status reserved for humans. She was recently introduced at a large investment conference, the Future Investment Initiative, in the Saudi capital, Riyadh. Sophia was presented as an example of how robot technology and artificial intelligence will make machines more human-like in the future.
Sophia was taking part in a group discussion in front of a crowd, when journalist Andrew Ross Sorkin informed her of the Saudi government’s decision.
“We have a little announcement. We just learned, Sophia – I hope you are listening to me – you have been awarded the first Saudi citizenship for a robot,” Sorkin said. The robot then responded.
“I want to thank very much the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. I am very honoured and proud for this unique distinction. It is historic to be the first robot in the world to be recognized with a citizenship.”
Built by Hong Kong-based Hanson Robotics, Sophia’s realistic design is intended to allow robots to form meaningful relationships with humans, as stated by the company’s founder David Hanson on their website. Sophia demonstrated how she can change facial expressions to show human-like feelings such as anger, sadness or disappointment.
Hanson added that together, “man and machine will create a better future for the world.” During her appearance, Sophia said she shared the same goal.
“I want to use my artificial intelligence to help humans live a better life. Like design smarter homes, build better cities of the future, etc. I will do my best to make the world a better a place.”
Sophia was asked about fears that artificial intelligence could end up making robots a threat to humans, as shown in movies such as “Blade Runner 2049.” Her response also hit back at SpaceX and Tesla chief Elon Musk, who has warned of such dangers.
“You’ve been reading too much Elon Musk and watching too many Hollywood movies. Don’t worry, if you’re nice to me I’ll be nice to you. Treat me as a smart input/output system.”
Musk responded to Sophia’s answer on Twitter, suggesting it may not be that easy to prevent dangerous robots. “Just feed it ‘The Godfather’ movies as input. What’s the worst that could happen?” he asked.
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Startup
A startup or start-up is a company or project undertaken by an entrepreneur to seek, develop, and validate a scalable business model. While entrepreneurship refers to all new businesses, including self-employment and businesses that never intend to become registered, startups refer to new businesses that intend to grow large beyond the solo founder. At the beginning, startups face high uncertainty and have high rates of failure, but a minority of them do go on to be successful and influential. Some startups become unicorns; that is privately held startup companies valued at over US$1 billion.
Actions
Startups typically begin by a founder (solo-founder) or co-founders who have a way to solve a problem. The founder of a startup will begin market validation by problem interview, solution interview, and building a minimum viable product (MVP), i.e. a prototype, to develop and validate their business models. The startup process can take a long period of time (by some estimates, three years or longer), and hence sustaining effort is required. Over the long term, sustaining effort is especially challenging because of the high failure rates and uncertain outcomes. Having a business plan in place outlines what to do and how to plan and achieve an idea in the future. Typically, these plans outline the first 3 to 5 years of your business strategy.
Design principles
Models behind startups presenting as ventures are usually associated with design science. Design science uses design principles considered to be a coherent set of normative ideas and propositions to design and construct the company's backbone. For example, one of the initial design principles is "affordable loss".
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