ПОЧЕМУ ИСПОЛЬЗУЮТСЯ ДВИГАТЕЛИ V-ФОРМЫ?

WHY V-SHAPED ENGINES ARE USED ?	English
ПОЧЕМУ ИСПОЛЬЗУЮТСЯ ДВИГАТЕЛИ V-ФОРМЫ?	Russian

V-образный двигатель или двигатель Vee - это обычная конфигурация двигателя внутреннего сгорания. Цилиндры и поршни выровнены в двух отдельных плоскостях или «рядах», так что при взгляде вдоль оси коленчатого вала они кажутся образующими букву «V». Основная причина использования V-образного двигателя - это в значительной степени упаковка. Они короче и компактнее, чем рядный двигатель.

В первую очередь следует рассмотреть двигатель как чисто ротационную систему. Представьте себе одноцилиндровый двигатель; вращающийся коленчатый вал сильно разбалансирован. Даже если реальный коленчатый вал был идеально сбалансирован, движение поршня и прилагаемые к нему силы никогда не компенсируются. Вот почему в большинстве одноцилиндровых двигателей используется балансирный вал; вал с утяжелением, закрепленный на коленчатом валу для смягчения эффекта дисбаланса. Уравновешивающий вал может работать и на других разбалансированных двигателях.

С другой стороны, V-образный двигатель может быть сбалансирован по своей сути. Это означает, что независимо от того, на какой скорости работает двигатель, силы вращающегося узла всегда нейтрализуются. В частности, двигатель V4 или V8 под углом 90 градусов можно легко сбалансировать, и многие двигатели гоночных мотоциклов используют эту конфигурацию (Honda и Ducati в MotoGP). V6 и V12 сбалансированы под углом крена 60 градусов.

Помимо этого, V-образная конфигурация имеет следующие преимущества:

Размеры компактны, что ценится как в дорожных, так и в гоночных автомобилях.
Компактные размеры означают, что можно разместить больше цилиндров по сравнению с рядным / прямым двигателем аналогичных размеров.
Может работать с цилиндрами с большим рабочим объемом и, следовательно, с дополнительной мощностью
Его мощный двигатель - идеальный вариант для гонок.
Может выдерживать более высокое сжатие
Высокий уровень доработки.

Интересное замечание: поскольку V12 - это, по сути, два рядных 6-цилиндровых двигателя, соединенных вместе, они естественным образом сбалансированы независимо от угла крена. Вот почему V12 Jaguar славится своей плавностью хода. V6, состоящие из двух склеенных вместе трех цилиндров, по своей природе не сбалансированы.

Говоря об ограничениях движков V-конфигурации, их немного, но они играют важную роль. Они упомянуты ниже:

Содержит больше движущихся частей, что приводит к более высокой стоимости / сложности
Масса. Те же технические особенности, что и выше, делают V-образный двигатель тяжелым.

А

A V engine, or Vee engine is a common configuration for an internal combustion engine. The cylinders and pistons are aligned, in two separate planes or 'banks', so that they appear to be in a "V" when viewed along the axis of the crankshaft.The primary reason to use a V-engine is largely packaging. They're shorter and more compact than an inline engine.

The first thing to consider is an engine as a purely rotational system. Imagine a one cylinder engine; the rotating crankshaft is massively out of balance. Even if the actual crankshaft was perfectly balanced, the motion of the piston and the forces it applies will never cancel out. This is why most one cylinder engines run a balance shaft; a weighted shaft geared into the crankshaft to mitigate the out-of-balance effects. A balance shaft can be run on other out of balance engines as well.

A V-engine, on the other hand, can be made to be inherently balanced. This means that no matter what speed the engine's running at, the forces from the rotating assembly will always cancel out. Most notably, a 90 degree V4 or V8 engine can be easily balanced and many race motorcycle engines use this configuration (Honda and Ducati in MotoGP). V6s and V12s run balanced at 60 degree bank angle.

Apart from this other advantages of V configuration are as follows:

Dimensions are compact - which are appreciated either in construction of road cars or race cars
The compact dimensions mean that more cylinders can be packed in, as comparable to an inline/straight engine of similar dimensions.
Can accommodate higher displacement cylinders, and therefore that extra power
Its a strong engine - which makes it ideal for racing applications
Can accommodate higher compression
High levels of refinement.

An interesting note: because a V12 is essentially two inline 6 engines stuck together they're naturally balanced regardless of bank angle. This is why V12 Jaguars have a reputation for smoothness. V6s, being two 3 cylinders stuck together, are inherently out of balance.

Talking about the limitations of V configuration engines,there are few yet they play and important role.These are mentioned below:

Contains more moving parts, resulting in higher cost/complexity
Weight. The same technicality above makes a V-engine heavy

A

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Lost on an Island

An engineer took a cruise to the Caribbean. It was wonderful; the experience of his life. But, alas, a hurricane came up unexpectedly and the ship went down. He was swept onto the shore of an island. No people, no supplies, nothing.
He explored but found nothing other that some bananas and coconuts. He was desperate and forlorn, but what could he do? For the next four months ate bananas, drank coconut juice and looked for a ship to come to his rescue.

One day, he spotted a rowboat coming from what looked like the other side of the island. In it was a gorgeous woman: She was tawny and tanned, and her hair flowing in the breeze gave her an ethereal quality. When she reached him, he asked excitedly, "where did you come from? How did you get here? "She said, "I rowed from the other side of the island. My cruise ship sank four months ago. " "Amazing," he said, "I didn't know anyone else had survived. How many of you are there? You are really lucky that a rowboat washed up with you."

There is no one else--only me," she said, "and the rowboat didn't wash up. I built it out of raw material I found on the island. The oars I whittled from gum tree branches, I wove the bottom from palm branches, and the sides and stern came from an eucalyptus."

"But--but," asked the man, "What did you use for tools?" "Oh, no problem," replied the woman, "On the south side of the island there is a very unusual stratum of alluvial rock. I found that if I fired it to a certain temperature in my kiln, it melted into forgeable iron.

But enough of that," she said. Where do you live?" The man confessed he had been sleeping on the beach.
"Let's row over to my place," she said. So they got into the rowboat and left for her side of the island. The woman tied up the rowboat with a beautifully woven hemp rope. They walked up a stone walk to an exquisite bungalow. "It's not much," she said, "but I call it home. Would you like a drink?" "No," he answered, "One more coconut juice and I will puke." "I have a still," said the woman, "How about a PinaColada?" Trying to hide his amazement, the man accepted, and they sat downon her couch.

After a while, the woman asked, "Tell me, have you always had a beard?" "No," the man replied, "I was clean shaven all my life." "Well, if you would like to shave, there is a razor in the cabinet in the upstairs bathroom." The man, no longer questioning anything, went to the bathroom. In the cabinet was a razor made from a bone handle, two shells honed to an edge were fastened to its end inside of a swivel mechanism. The man shaved, showered and went back downstairs. "You look great," she said. "I think I will slip into something more comfortable.

"After a short time, she returned wearing strategically positioned fig leaves and smelling faintly of gardenia. "Tell me," she asked, "We have both been out here for a very long time with no companionship. Have you been lonely? Is there anything that you miss? Something that all men and women crave? Something that would be really nice to have right now?" "Yes there is," the man replied, and moved closer to her. "Tell me, do you have an Internet connection?"